GLA Economics publications
Introduction
All our publications are listed below according to their publication type, ie, London's Economy Today (newsletter), Reports, Forecasts, Current Issues Notes and Working Papers. They are listed in date order with our latest publications at the top of each section. You can search our publications by topic by using the business and economy publications search engine.
London's Economy Today
LET is published on the last Thursday of every month. Each issue features the most up-to-date information and analysis on the state of London’s economy. It features a wide range of London and UK economic indicators, including information on employment, house prices and consumer confidence.
Many of these data indicators can be downloaded from the London Datastore.
Reports, notes and blogs
- Why are apprenticeships less common in London? Evidence from the Employer Skills Survey - August 2024
- The City Data Economy and Artificial Intelligence - July 2024
- The State of London (V5) - June 2024
- Wage and productivity growth in London since 2008 - May 2024
- How can we measure the number of green jobs? - April 2024
- Budget 2024: Content and Considerations for London - March 2024
- The impact of revenue centralisation on London’s economic growth - February 2024
- Gender pay gap analysis - February 2024
- The State of London (V4) - January 2024
- Evaluation of the London Office of Technology and Innovation - January 2024
- The impact of Brexit on London's economy - 2023 report - January 2024
- Changes to UK Immigration Policy - Impacts and Implications for London - December 2023
- Autumn Statement 2023 - Overview and Economic Implications for London - November 2023
- Housing Affordability and Public-Sector Recruitment in London - August 2023
- The State of London (V3) - June 2023
- The culture sector and creative industries in London and beyond: a focus on levelling up, provision, engagement and funding - June 2023
- Latest macroeconomic scenarios for London's economy post COVID-19 - June 2023
- Monitoring the employment impact of mayoral programmes and initiatives - May 2023
- The State of London (V2) - January 2023
- Out-of-work trends in London - November 2022
- London labour market projections 2022 - October 2022
- Devolution and economic growth in London - a rapid evidence review - October 2022
- Pre fiscal announcement analysis on possible personal tax changes - September 2022
- The cost of living - August 2022 update - August 2022
- The State of London - June 2022
- The rising cost of living and its effects on Londoners - February 2022
- The economic impacts under future funding scenarios for TfL - December 2021
- The retail sector in London and the impact of the coronavirus on trends - March 2021
- COVID-19 and London's Economy - impacts and economic outlook - February 2021
- Lost worker vs tourism expenditure in the Central Activities Zone (CAZ) during the COVD-19 Pandemic - October 2020
- Bloomberg report on Economic Impact of COVID-19 on London’s Small and Medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) - September 2020
- The evidence base for London's Local Industrial Strategy Final report - February 2020
- The economic impact of Brexit on London - October 2019
- Productivity trends in London - An evidence review to inform the Local Industrial Strategy evidence base - September 2019
- Productivity levers in London - A literature review to inform the Local Industrial Strategy evidence base - September 2019
- London and the UK – a declaration of interdependence - August 2019
- Developing the evidence base for London’s Local Industrial Strategy - August 2019
- London at night - an evidence base for a 24-hour city - November 2018
- Skills strategy for Londoners: Evidence Base - June 2018
- London labour market projections 2017 - August 2017
- Economic Evidence Base for London 2016 - November 2016
- London labour market projections 2016 - June 2016
- Draft Economic Evidence Base 2016 - February 2016
- A Fairer London: The 2015 Living Wage in London - November 2015
- London's changing economy since 2008 - October 2015
- The story of the London Business Survey 2014 - July 2015
- London Business Survey 2014: Foreign Ownership - June 2015
- Retail in London: Looking Forward - January 2015
- London Business Survey 2014: Exports - November 2014
- London Business Survey 2014 - November 2014
- A Fairer London: The 2014 Living Wage in London - November 2014
- Growing Together II: London and the UK economy - September 2014
- A Fairer London: The 2013 Living Wage in London - November 2013
- The Economic Contribution of Older Londoners - October 2013
- London Labour Market Projections - May 2013
- A Fairer London: The 2012 Living Wage in London - November 2012
- London's business case for employee health and well-being - May 2012
- London's Digital Economy - January 2012
- Regional and sub-regional GVA estimates for London - December 2011
- Business Register and Employment Survey, London 2010 - October 2011
- Labour market flows in London - September 2011
- The Local Area Tourism Impact model results for 2008 and 2009 - July 2011
- A Fairer London: The 2011 Living Wage in London - May 2011
- The 2011 Budget: Focus on London - April 2011
- Childhood Obesity in London - April 2011
- Early Years Interventions to address Health Inequalities in London, the Economic Case - January 2011
- Single/Double Summer Time: The time is right for London - October 2010
- GLA Economics Annual Report 2010 - July 2010
- Public spending priorities in London - June 2010
- A Fairer London: The 2010 Living Wage in London - June 2010
- Economic Evidence Base - May 2010
- Scenarios, planning and economic outlooks - May 2010
- London Story Update 2009 - December 2009
- Economic Impact of Traffic Signals - November 2009
- Economic Evidence Base - October 2009
- The Local Area Tourism Impact (LATI) - August 2009
- Economic impact on the London and UK economy of an earned regularisation of irregular migrants to the UK - June 2009
- A Fairer London: The 2009 Living Wage in London - May 2009
- London Economic Development Snapshot Issue 8 - January 2009
- Filling the coffers: London's tax export - November 2008
- Self-directed adult social care in London - September 2008
- The London Story Update 2008 - August 2008
- London's environmental effectiveness - an update: Comparing London with other English regions - July 2008
- A Fairer London: The 2008 Living Wage in London - July 2008
- London Economic Development Snapshot Issue 7 - July 2008
- GLA Economics Annual Report - June 2008
- Credit crunch and the property market - May 2008
- The rationale for public sector intervention in the economy II - March 2008
- London's Central Business District: Its global importance - January 2008
- London Economic Development Snapshot Issue 6 - January 2008
- London Annual Business Survey (LABS) 2003-2007 - December 2007
- Modelling transport and the economy in London - December 2007
- Asian Business Report - December 2007
- The London Story - October 2007
- Social Enterprises in London - October 2007
- More residents, more jobs? - July 2007
- London Economic Development Snapshot Issue 5 - July 2007
- GLA Economics' London Employment Projections. Panel Note, for the Examination in Public into the Draft Alterations to the London Plan - June 2007
- GLA Economics Annual Report - July 2007
- A Fairer London: The Living Wage in London - April 2007
- Transport and Economy Model (TANDEM) - March 2007
- Women in London's Economy - February 2007
- London Economic Development Snapshot Issue 4 - January 2007
- Heathrow Economics Study - November 2006
- Retail in London - October 2006
- What works with tackling worklessness? - September 2006
- London Economic Development Snapshot Issue 3 - July 2006
- GLA Economics Annual Report - July 2006
- A Fairer London: The Living Wage in London - May 2006
- The rationale for public sector intervention in the economy - March 2006
- Business and economic impacts of the congestion charge - February 2006
- Laying the foundations: London's construction industry - February 2006
- London Economic Development Snapshot Issue 2 - January 2006
- Women in London’s Economy – January 2006
- Our London. Our Future: Planning for London's Growth II - November 2005
- GLA Economics Annual Report - August 2005
- London Economic Development Snapshot Issue 1 - July 2005
- The Environmental Effectiveness of London: Comparing London with other English regions - June 2005
- From the Ganges to the Thames: An analysis of Indian FDI into London - June 2005
- The contribution of Asian-owned businesses to London's economy - June 2005
- A Fairer London: The Living Wage in London - March 2005
- Time is money: The economic effects of transport delays in Central London - February 2005
- Ready for Business: The contribution of black businesses to London's economy - February 2005
- Growing Together: London and the UK Economy - February 2005
- Women in London's Economy - January 2005
- More residents, more jobs? - January 2005
- Enter the Dragon: An analysis of Chinese FDI into London - December 2004
- GLA Economics Annual Report 2004 - August 2004
- World City, World Knowledge: The economic contribution of London’s higher education sector - April 2004
- Lone Parents in London - April 2004
- London's Creative Sector: 2004 Update - April 2004
- The GLA's Economy-Environment Model - April 2004
- London's Housing Submarkets - April 2004
- The Case for London - March 2004
- Technical report of the GLA Economy-Environment Model - March 2004
- Spending Time: London's Leisure Economy - November 2003
- The GLA's London Workforce Employment Series - September 2003
- Valuing Greenness: Green spaces, house prices and Londoners' priorities - June 2003
- London's Ecological Footprint - June 2003
- Market failure and the London housing market - May 2003
- GLA Economics Annual Report 2003 - May 2003
- London's Economy Tomorrow - March 2003
- Sensitivity tests on forecasts for employment in London - February 2003
- Play it right: Asian Creative Industries in London - February 2003
- Spreading Success: How London is Changing - January 2003
- Creativity: London's Core Business - October 2002
- Planning for London's Growth - March 2002
Forecasts: London's Economic Outlook
- Summer 2024 - July 2024
- Autumn 2023 - December 2023
- Spring 2023 - June 2023
- Autumn 2022 - December 2022
- Spring 2022 - June 2022
- Autumn 2021 - December 2021
- Spring 2021 - May 2021
- Autumn 2020 - December 2020
- Spring 2020 - June 2020
- Autumn 2019 - December 2019
- Spring 2019 - June 2019
- Autumn 2018 - November 2018
- Spring 2018 - May 2018
- Autumn 2017 - November 2017
- Spring 2017 - June 2017
- Autumn 2016 - November 2016
- Spring 2016 - May 2016
- Autumn 2015 - November 2015
- Spring 2015 - May 2015
- Autumn 2014 - November 2014
- Spring 2014 - May 2014
- Autumn 2013 - November 2013
- Spring 2013 - July 2013
- Autumn 2012 - November 2012
- Spring 2012 - June 2012
- Autumn 2011 - November 2011
- Spring 2011 - May 2011
- Autumn 2010 - October 2010
- Spring 2010 - June 2010
- Autumn 2009 - October 2009
- Spring 2009 - April 2009
- Autumn 2008 - October 2008
- Spring 2008 - May 2008
- Autumn 2007 - October 2007
- Spring 2007 - April 2007
- Autumn 2006 - October 2006
- Spring 2006 - April 2006
- Autumn 2005 - October 2005
- Spring 2005 - April 2005
- Autumn 2004 - October 2004
- Spring 2004 - April 2004
- Autumn 2003 - December 2003
- Spring 2003 - July 2003
- Review of Independent Forecasts - July 2003
- Medium-Term Economic Planning Projections - January 2003
Current Issues Notes
- 62: How can we measure the number of green jobs - October 2023
- 61: Performance of GLA Economics' employment projections - 2020 update - April 2020
- 60: Transport expenditure in London 2020 - January 2020
- 59: Potential impacts of immigration policies based on skills and salary thresholds in London: Occupational analysis - July 2019
- 58: Potential impacts of immigration policies based on skills and salary thresholds in London: Threshold analysis - July 2019
- 57: Regional, sub-regional and local GVA estimates for London, 1997-2016 - May 2018
- 56: EEA workers in the London labour market - January 2018
- 55: Examining GVA in London's local authorities in a London and UK context, 1997-2015 - September 2017
- 54: Transport expenditure in London - July 2017
- 53: Closing time - London's Public Houses - April 2017
- 52: Regional, sub-regional and local gross value added estimates for London, 1997-2015 - April 2017
- 51: London and Europe: Facts and figures - February 2017
- 50: Modelling real quarterly GVA data for London - December 2016
- 49: The historic performance of the GLA's medium-term economic forecast model - November 2016
- 48: London in comparison with other global cities - August 2016
- 47: Regional gross value added estimates for London by different geographies, 1997-2014 - July 2016
- 46: Regional, sub-regional and local GVA estimates for London, 1997-2014 - March 2016
- 45: The extent and consequences of zero-hours contracts and labour market casualization in London - August 2015
- 44: The value of cultural tourism to London - March 2015
- 43: Regional, sub-regional and local gross value added estimates for London, 1997-2013 - March 2015
- 42: Part-time employment in London - January 2015
- 41: Regional, sub-regional and local gross value added estimates for London, 1997-2012 - March 2014
- 40: Performance of GLA Economics' employment projections - January 2014
- 39: Regional, sub-regional and local gross value added estimates for London, 1997-2011 - January 2013
- 38: The Great Britain Day Visitor Survey 2011 - a London analysis - November 2012
- 37: International tourism in London - September 2012
- 36: Patterns of low pay - July 2012
- 35: Well-being in London - measurement and use - February 2012
- 34: A summary assessment of fuel poverty in London in 2009 and scenarios to 2013 - November 2011
- 33: London's creative industries 2011 update - October 2011
- 32: International tourism in London 2010: Results for London from the International Passenger Survey 2010 - July 2011
- 31: City ranking indices - handle with care - July 2011
- 30: The new Business Register Employment Survey: Changes in London’s jobs, 2008 and 2009 compared - July 2011
- 29: Estimating the contribution of leisure day visitors to London's tourism industry - March 2011
- 28: The potential impact of a Tier 4 immigration cap on UK and EU-domiciled student fees - February 2011
- 27: Central London office market through the recession - November 2010
- 26: Private sector recovery during fiscal retrenchment - October 2010
- 25: How big is London's green sector? - June 2010
- 24: Reviewing the evidence on carbon emissions from rail and air travel - March 2010
- 23: Food price increases and their impact on London's lowest income groups - November 2008
- 22: Patterns of low pay in London - August 2008
- 21: Rising energy prices and their effects on environmental behaviour - July 2008
- 20: The housing market and the economic climate - February 2008
- 19: The role of financial services sector in mitigating and adapting to climate change - September 2007
- 18: Institutional investment in housing - July 2007
- 17: Defining and measuring metropolitan regions - June 2007
- 16: Labour Market Balance Sheets - June 2007
- 15: The economics of climate change - March 2007
- 14: Patterns of low pay in London (this note was unpublished) - March 2007
- 13: Updated borough-level employment projections to 2026 - February 2007
- 12: Why are there so few part-time jobs in London? - February 2007
- 11: Historical revisions to the GLA workforce employment series' - December 2006
- 10: Investing for Britain - Modernising the Sustainable Investment Rule - November 2006
- 9: Borough employment projections to 2026 - May 2006
- 8: Comparison of London’s employment forecasts by gender – January 2006
- 7: London’s living wage for young people - November 2005
- 6: Comments on CEBR’s report on the western extension of the congestion charge - August 2005
- 5: Has London continued to export taxes in 2003/04? - August 2005
- 4: Interim borough level employment projections to 2016- May 2005
- 3: Financial services and climate change - July 2004
- 2: Guidance on Preparing an Economic Impact Report - July 2004
- 1: What is driving business investment in London? - May 2003
Working Papers
General
- 100: London's Creative Industries - Sector deep dive - November 2023
- 99: Identifying Green Occupations in London - January 2022
- 98: The new GLA Economics forecast models for London's economy - June 2020
- 97: The London input-output tables - April 2019
- 96: South East of England labour market projections 2017 - June 2018
- 95: East of England labour market projections 2017 - June 2018
- 94: Demand for childcare in London - drivers and projections - March 2018
- 93: London's Architecture sector - Update 2018 - March 2018
- 92: London's Boroughs - borough by sector jobs, data and methodology - December 2017
- 91: An analysis of London's exports - November 2017
- 90: Projections of demand and supply for accessible hotel rooms in London - November 2017
- 89: London's creative industries - 2017 update - July 2017
- 88: Projections of demand and supply for visitor accommodation in London to 2050 - April 2017
- 87: Productivity Trends: GVA per workforce job estimates for London and the UK, 1997 - 2015 - March 2017
- 86: London's architectural sector - March 2017
- 85: A description of London's economy - March 2017
- 84: Devolution and economic growth - January 2017
- 83: Options for a tourism levy for London - January 2017
- 82: Devolving other national taxes to London - January 2017
- 81: Stamp duty in London - January 2017
- 80: Council tax in London - January 2017
- 79: Trends in the demand for labour and skills in London and the East Sub-region - May 2016
- 78: Trends in the demand for labour and skills in London and the South Sub-region - May 2016
- 77: Trends in the demand for labour and skills in London and the Central Sub-region - May 2016
- 76: Trends in the demand for labour and skills in London and the West Sub-region - May 2016
- 75: Trends in the demand for labour and skills across London as a whole - May 2016
- 74: Socio-economic baseline - Old Oak and Park Royal - March 2016
- 73: The changing spatial nature of business and employment in London - February 2016
- 72: House prices in London - an economic analysis of London's housing market - November 2015
- 71: More residents more jobs? 2015 update - October 2015
- 70: The creative industries in London - October 2015
- 69: An analysis of London's exports - Agust 2015
- 68: Work and life in the Central Activities Zone, the northern part of the Isle of Dogs and their fringes - August 2015
- 67: Updated employment projections for London by sector and trend-based projections by borough - July 2015
- 66: Methodology on London's sectors - more detailed jobs data - March 2015
- 65: London's sectors - more detailed jobs data - March 2015
- 64: The science and technology category in London - March 2015
- 63: GVA per workforce job in London and the UK - February 2015
- 62: Migration and Commuting - October 2014
- 61: London & Partners Evaluation Methodology Study - July 2014
- 60: Migrant employment in low-skill work - March 2014
- 59: Low pay in London - February 2014
- 58: Understanding the demand for and supply of visitor accommodation in London to 2036 - August 2013
- 57: London's food exports - June 2013
- 56: Self employment in London - May 2013
- 55: Alcohol consumption in the night-time economy - September 2012
- 54: Visit London's leisure tourism marketing campaigns: economic impact evaluations - June 2012
- 53: Tourism in London - May 2012
- 52: London's jobs history - a technical paper - 16 December 2011
- 51: Employment projections for London by sector and trend-based projections by borough - 13 December 2011
- 50: An analysis of London's exports - 6 December 2011
- 49: Supporting London's innovators - 12 October 2011
- 48: Culture and regeneration - What evidence is there of a link and how could it be measured? - 4 May 2011
- 47: Spending time 2011 update - 21 April 2011
- 46: Visit London Economic Impact Evaluation - Preliminary findings from enhanced conversion research of a North American leisure marketing campaign - 19 April 2011
- 45: Women in London’s economy - Update 2010 - 24 December 2010
- 44: London’s labour market in the recent recession - 22 December 2010
- 43: Submission to the Hutton Review, Review of Fair Pay in the Public Sector - 6 September 2010
- 42: Valuing housing and green spaces - 1 September 2010
- 41: Determining the external costs of road freight activity in London - 3 August 2010
- 40: London's creative workforce (2010 update) - February 2010
- 39: Working Paper 39: Borough employment projections to 2031 and Working Paper 38: Employment projections for London by sector and trend-based projections by borough - see Employment projections to 2031 - November 2009
- 37: London's logistics sector - August 2009
- 36: Commuting patterns in London by qualification level and employment location - July 2009
- 35: Come fly with me – Airport choice in greater London - April 2009
- 34: Outer London – Economic data and statistics - March 2009
- 33: The evolution of UK and London employment rates
- 32: Building Bridges: Some lessons from the Middle Ages on the long-term economic impact of bridges over the Thames - August 2008
- 31: Employment in London by firm size - May 2008
- 30: London's housing submarkets - March 2008
- 29: Overcoming barriers to institutional investment in residential housing - February 2008
- 28: Comparing locations: Grouping wards in London, the South East and East of England - January 2008
- 27: Assessment of global imbalances? - January 2008
- 26: What makes employees more likely to be low paid in London? - November 2007
- 25: An expenditure-based approach to employment sectors in London - November 2007
- 24: An analysis of London's employment by sector - October 2007
- 23: The implications of misleading estimates of London’s output - August 2007
- 22: London's Creative Sector – 2007 Update - July 2007
- 21: The GLA's interim metro area dataset - April 2007
- 20. Employment Projections for London By Sector and Borough - February 2007
- 19. Innovation in London - February 2007
- 18. Borough employment projections to 2026 - October 2006
- 17. Why distance doesn’t die: Agglomeration and its benefits - June 2006
- 16. Women at Work… Looking Ahead - London employment projections by gender and sector – January 2006
- 15. Worklessness in London – Explaining the differences between worklessness in London and the UK – January 2006
- 14. Working Future – Employment projections for London by sector – December 2005
- 13. Towards a common standard - Comparing European and American cities- July 2005
- 12. The congestion charge’s impact on retail - The London experience - May 2005
- 11. Working London - November 2004
- 10. Productivity indicators submission - September 2004
- 9. Measuring and Comparing World Cities - May 2004
- 8. Submission to the Treasury Select Committee Inquiry into Regional Productivity - April 2004
- 7. London's Housing Submarkets - April 2004
- 6. Calculating London's Tax Export - March 2004
- 5. Submission to the Allsopp Review - October 2003
- 4. Long-term employment projections for London: Alternative methodology and results - September 2003
- 3. Valuing Greeness: Is there a segmented preference for housing attributes in London? - June 2003
- 2. The Economic and Social Structure of London and the South East - February 2003
- 1. Labour Market Balances and Employment in the Wider South East - February 2003
Retail in London
- J: The impact of planning on competition and productivity - June 2006
- I: Service and delivery Issues - June 2006
- H: London’s Retail Trends - 1971-2000 - April 2006
- G: Small Retailers - March 2006
- F: International Comparisons of Retail – March 2006
- E: Retail and the Labour Market – March 2006
- D: Retail and Leisure - February 2006
- C: Grocery Retailing – October 2005
- B: Retail and Regeneration - August 2005
- A: Retail in the West End - March 2005
Technical Notes
- London Tourism Forecasts - December 2022
- Health and Social Care Levy - Incidence on London Households - October 2021
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